Path to US Citizenship
US citizenship can be acquired by birth, through naturalization, or under specific circumstances by individuals born
abroad to US citizen parents.
Requirements for Naturalization
- Permanent Residency: Must have been a lawful permanent resident for at least 5 years, or 3
years if married to a US citizen.
- Continuous Residence: Must have lived within the US for at least 30 months out of the 5 years
before applying.
- Physical Presence: Must have been physically present in the US for at least 18 months out of
the 3 years if married to a US citizen.
- Good Moral Character: Demonstrated good moral character for the statutory period.
- English Language Proficiency: Ability to read, write, and speak basic English.
- Knowledge of US Government and History: Must pass a civics test.
- Oath of Allegiance: Willingness to take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States.
Naturalization Process
- Application: File Form N-400, Application for Naturalization.
- Biometrics Appointment: Attend a biometrics appointment for fingerprinting and a background
check.
- Interview: Complete an interview with a USCIS officer, including the civics and English tests.
- Decision: USCIS makes a decision on the naturalization application.
- Oath Ceremony: If approved, take the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony.
Processing Times for Naturalization
The processing times for US citizenship through naturalization vary, generally ranging from several months to over a
year, depending on the USCIS field office handling the case. Applicants are encouraged to consult the USCIS website
for the most current processing times.
Pros and Cons of Obtaining US Citizenship
While obtaining US citizenship offers several benefits, there are also considerations to keep in mind.
Pros:
- Voting Rights: The ability to vote in federal elections and have a say in the country's
governance.
- Passport and Travel Benefits: Access to a US passport, making international travel easier, and
the ability to receive assistance from US embassies and consulates abroad.
- Eligibility for Federal Jobs: Citizenship is required for certain federal employment
opportunities, including jobs that require security clearance.
- Family Reunification: Ability to sponsor relatives for permanent residency with fewer
restrictions.
- Protection from Deportation: Once a citizen, you cannot be deported from the United States.
Cons:
- Tax Obligations: US citizens are required to file US taxes on their worldwide income,
regardless of where they live.
- Potential Loss of Original Citizenship: Some countries do not allow dual citizenship, requiring
individuals to renounce their original nationality.
- Jury Duty: As a US citizen, you may be called to serve on a jury.
- Risk of Expatriation: Certain actions, like serving in a foreign military, could lead to loss
of citizenship.
Step 1 - Ensure Eligibility
Verify that you meet all eligibility requirements for naturalization, including permanent residency, physical
presence, continuous residence, and good moral character.
Step 2 - Complete Form N-400
Fill out the Application for Naturalization (Form N-400) and gather all necessary documentation to support your
application.
Step 3 - Submit Form N-400 and Pay Fees
Submit your completed Form N-400 and pay the filing fee, unless you qualify for a fee waiver.
Step 4 - Attend Biometrics Appointment
If required, go to your biometrics appointment to have your fingerprints taken.
Step 5 - Complete the Interview
Attend the naturalization interview and pass the civics and English tests unless exempt.
Step 6 - Receive a Decision
USCIS will mail you a decision on your naturalization application.
Step 7 - Take the Oath of Allegiance
If approved, participate in a naturalization ceremony and take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States.
Step 8 - Receive Your Certificate of Naturalization
After taking the Oath, you will receive your Certificate of Naturalization, confirming your status as a U.S.
citizen.
Note: The naturalization process may vary slightly for some applicants. Always refer to the official USCIS guidelines
for the most accurate and current information.
